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Cancel Continue. Blisters can form, leading to skin and tissue falling off the injured foot. If trench foot is left untreated, it can lead to gangrene and even the need for amputation. It occurs when low temperatures restrict blood flow to the affected area. Some people can develop symptoms after just an hour of exposure; in others, symptoms may not appear for up to a week.
The severity of the injury will depend on the degree of cold, the wetness of the tissue, and how long a person was exposed to the conditions.
Military personnel are the most likely to be affected , and there is a suggestion that military stress contributes to the development of trench foot. Trench foot has also been known to occur among people that fish for a living and homeless people. Studies have also shown that people of African ethnicity are more likely to develop the condition than Caucasians.
Anyone who suspects they have trench foot should seek medical attention. A healthcare professional will examine the foot to decide what stage the trench foot has reached. While the immediate effects of trench foot can be alleviated, the condition can lead to long-term tissue damage and chronic pain.
A person with trench foot may require long-term follow-up care. The first thing to do is to remove the person from the cold, wet environment and warm the affected limb up slowly.
Quickly warming the foot can make the damage worse. There were four major investigations into the aetiology of trench foot. Working in Edinburgh, Professors J. Smith and J. Ritchie and Dr J. Dawson reproduced animal models of trench foot and provided evidence that trench foot was caused by cold and its direct effect on the blood vessels of the foot and not bacterial invasion.
Lake in England, and the Americans Majors J. Sweet, G. Norris and Lieutenant H. Wilmer, working at a general hospital in France, supported an alternative explanation that the essential pathological mechanism was a vasomotor reaction. However, it was eventually acknowledged that there could be secondary infection in trench foot resulting from the lowered resistance of the tissues which could ultimately lead to gangrene. Mil Med. Trench foot or immersion foot.
Recognition and treatment of freezing and nonfreezing cold injuries. Curr Sports Med Rep. Zafren K. Nonfreezing cold water trench foot and warm water immersion injuries. Updated June 2, Nonfreezing cold-induced injuries. J R Army Med Corps. Department of Labor. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Trench foot PDF. Trench foot or non-freezing cold injury as a painful vaso-neuropathy: Clinical and skin biopsy assessments.
Front Neurol. Battlefield trauma-induced hypothermia: Transitioning the preferred method of casualty rewarming. Wilderness Environ Med. Your Privacy Rights. To change or withdraw your consent choices for VerywellHealth. At any time, you can update your settings through the "EU Privacy" link at the bottom of any page. These choices will be signaled globally to our partners and will not affect browsing data. We and our partners process data to: Actively scan device characteristics for identification.
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