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What is investigatory process? What would be the best conclusion when doing a report on flags? This is likely due Lecturer's comment: Provide a possible explanation for notable results, especially unexpected ones. Further research Lecturer's comment: Recommend further research to address any extra work you think would be useful. This may be due to the deposits which developed inside the pipe, or to inconsistent thermocouple temperature.
Therefore, regular inspection of the test rig is recommended. For a very long report, it is acceptable to present the conclusions and recommendations in point form:. The prototype robot courier presented here has been shown to be capable of delivering documents autonomously in an office environment. It has demonstrated the following components of mobile robotics:.
Home Courses Library Donate. Previous menu Toggle navigation. Why is academic integrity important? What is academic integrity? How can I study with integrity? Test your understanding Test your understanding Find out more Find out more Case note assignment Case note assignment Case note assignment Understanding case notes and marker expectations Understanding case notes and marker expectations Identifying the elements of a case note Identifying the elements of a case note Finding materials Finding materials Analysing materials Analysing materials Better writing Better writing Summary Summary Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Health Sciences case report Health Sciences case report Reflective writing and critical incidents Reflective writing and critical incidents Writing the comparative report Writing the comparative report Writing in Psychological Medicine Writing in Psychological Medicine Writing in Psychological Medicine 1.
Case history 1. Case history 2. Mental state examination 2. Mental state examination 3. Physical examination 3.
Physical examination 4. A coordinated effort to diagnose simple, reference reactors is necessary to generate the necessary data base for evaluation of simulation results and to test new and old experimental methodology.
A reliable and extensive input data base for calculating plasma generation, transport, and surface interaction. The dearth of basic data needed for simulation of plasma generation, transport, and surface reaction processes results directly from insufficient generation of data, insufficient data compilation, insufficient distribution of data, and insufficient funding of these activities.
The critical basic data needed for simulations and experiments have not been prioritized. For plasma-surface interactions, in particular, lack of data has precluded the formation of mechanistic models on which simulation tools are based. Further experimental studies are needed to elucidate these mechanisms.
Efficient numerical algorithms and supercomputers for simulating magnetized plasmas in three dimensions. The advent of unprecedented supercomputer capability in the next 5 to 10 years will have a major impact in this area, provided that current simulation methods are expanded to account for multidimensional effects in magnetized plasmas. The Plasma Processing Program should include a thrust toward development of computer-aided design tools for developing and designing new plasma reactors.
The Plasma Processing Program should emphasize a coordinated approach toward generating the diagnostic and basic data needed for improved plasma and plasma-surface simulation capability.
A program to extend current algorithms for plasma reactor simulation should be included among the activities funded under the umbrella of the federal High. Finding and Conclusion : In the coming decade, custom-designed and custom-manufactured chips, i. This market, in turn, will belong to the flexible manufacturer who uses a common set of processes and equipment to fabricate many different circuit designs. Such flexibility in processing will result only from real understanding of processes and reactors.
On the other hand, plasma processes in use today have been developed using a combination of intuition, empiricism, and statistical optimization. Although it is unlikely that detailed, quantitative, first-principles-based simulation tools will be available for process design in the near future, design aids such as expert systems, which can be used to guide engineers in selecting initial conditions from which the final process is derived, could be developed if gaps in our fundamental understanding of plasma chemistry were filled.
Finding and Conclusion : Three areas are recognized by the panel as needing concerted, coordinated experimental and theoretical research: surface processes, plasma generation and transport, and plasma-surface interactions. For surface processes, studies using well-controlled reactive beams impinging on well-characterized surfaces are essential for enhancing our understanding and developing mechanistic models.
For plasma generation and transport, chemical kinetic data and diagnostic data are needed to augment the basic plasma reactor CAD tool. For studying plasma-surface interactions, there is an urgent need for in situ analytical tools that provide information on surface composition, electronic structure, and material properties. Finding and Conclusion : Breakthroughs in understanding the science will be paced by development of tools for the characterization of the systems.
To meet the coming demands for flexible device manufacturing, plasma processes will have to be actively and precisely controlled. But today no diagnostic techniques exist that can be used unambiguously to determine material properties related to device yield.
Moreover, the parametric models needed to relate diagnostic data to process variables are also lacking. The Plasma Processing Program should be dedicated in part to the development of plasma process expert systems.
A coordinated program should be supported to generate basic data and simulation of surface processes, plasma generation and transport, and plasma-surface interactions. A program should be supported that focuses on development of new instrumentation for real-time, in situ monitoring for control and analysis. Finding : Research resources in low-energy plasma science in the United States are eroding at an alarming rate.
When compared to those in Japan and France, the U. As a result, the United States will not be prepared to maintain its leading market position in plasma processing, let alone capture more market share as the plasma process industry grows into the 21st century.
Finding : Graduate programs are not offering adequate educational opportunities in the science of weakly ionized, highly collisional plasmas. An informal survey by the panel indicated that only a few U. These deficiencies are a direct result of low-level funding for graduate research in plasma processing and low-energy plasmas. Finding and Conclusion : The most serious need in undergraduate education is adequate, modern teaching laboratories. Due to the largely empirical nature of many aspects of plasma processing, proper training in the traditional scientific method, as provided in laboratory classes, is a necessary component of undergraduate education.
The Instrumentation and Laboratory Improvement Program sponsored by the National Science Foundation has been partly successful in fulfilling these needs, but it is not sufficient. Finding and Conclusion : Research experiences for undergraduates made available through industrial cooperative programs or internships are essential for high-quality technical education. But teachers and professors themselves must first be educated in low-energy plasma science and plasma processing before they can be expected to educate students.
Industrial-university links can also help to impart a much needed, longer-term view to industrial research efforts. As part of the Plasma Processing Program, government and industry together should support cooperative programs specific to plasma processing with universities and national laboratories. A program should be established to provide industrial internships for teachers and professors in the area of plasma processing.
Plasma processing of materials is a critical technology to several of the largest manufacturing industries in the world—electronics, aerospace, automotive, steel, biomedical, and toxic waste management.
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